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SOFTUNE Workbench has a built-in include dependencies analysis function. By using this function, uses can know the exact dependencies, even if an include file includes another include file. SOFTUNE Workbench automatically updates the dependencies of the compiled/assembled files. Delivering excellent usability. Editor provided as standard. SOFTUNE Workbench is support software for developing programs for the FR family of Fujitsu microcontrollers. It is a combination of a development manager, simulator debugger, emulator debugger, monitor debugger, and an integrated development environment for efficient development.
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1 EMBEDDED SOLUTIONS 32 BIT RISC MICROCONTROLLERS & GRAPHIC CONTROLLERS Forward 2 INTRODUCTION TO FR SERIES - 32 BIT RISC ARCHITECTURE The Fujitsu RISC (FR) architecture is a new generation 32 bit microprocessor core which is dedicated to resolving the twin demands of high performance coupled with low cost, which are needed by today s high-end automotive, consumer and telecoms applications. Designed from the outset to be optimised for embedded applications, the CPU has a 16 bit instruction Op Code, enabling maximum performance from low cost, half word external memory and instruction cache widths, or else allowing double instruction fetches for each bus cycle. The CPU employs the same five-stage pipeline and 32 x 32 Multiplier as the successful SPARClite family but adds a new barrel shifter and a bit search unit which finds the first 1, 0 or change in a data word in a single cycle. The concept of the instruction cache architecture with its flexible locking mechanism is also replicated. The CPU has eight dedicated 32 bit registers: program counter, processor status, interrupt table base register, return pointer, supervisor and user stack pointers and two for multiply/divide result. There are sixteen 32 bit, generalpurpose registers arranged as a single bank. The functions of R13 to R15 are reserved as virtual accumulator, frame pointer and stack pointer respectively.
The instruction set contains many bit manipulation instructions and data moving instructions, which are very helpful in supporting the on-chip peripheral blocks. Although the FR is a RISC, it contains a number of extended instructions, which help assembly level programming, often unavoidable in embedded applications. An example is the store of half of the register bank to memory.
3 Blocks that require fast access are connected to the FR-core within a 32 bit Harvard Bus system. These units are the instruction cache, internal RAM, the DMA-controller and the bit-search unit. Resources that require simple control or status access, such as UARTs, Timers, etc., are hooked up on a 16 bit peripheral bus known as the R-Bus. The R-Bus gateway to the FR-core is a Bus-convertor module like the one for the external Bus interface.
32 bits Data Bus Multiplier MDH MDL.1 ALU CPU Core Diagram Shifter.2 PC PS TBR RP SSP USP Dedicated registers R0 R1. R15 Generalpurpose registers KEY.1: 32 bit x 32 bit: 5 clock cycles.2: 16 bit x 16 bit: 3 clock cycles PC: Program counter PS: Program status TBR: Table base register RP: Return pointer SSP: System stack pointer USP: User stack pointer MDH/MDL: Multiplication and division result register 4 This general-purpose bus, also called the User Logic Bus is used for accessing the on-chip Flash ROM as well as the CAN-Interfaces, which typically require a faster and more extensive data flow to and from the FR-core than most of the other on-chip resources. The external Bus also gives the user the opportunity to access external memory or other memory-mapped devices on the target application, supporting seven fully configurable chip-select areas with external chip-select pins which can be controlled individually in terms of memory-area, bus-width, wait-states or alignment. Forward 5 MB911XX SERIES The MB911xx Series of feature-rich embedded controllers is based on the FR 32 bit RISC CPU core. The MB91101, MB91106, MB91F109, MB91110. and MB91111. devices offer for the most part the same peripherals but with complementary memory options.
Several devices have their performance enhanced by the inclusion of 1kB of 2 way set associative instruction cache, with locking function. The Flash memory on the MB91F109 is sectored, single voltage programming, and guarantees 10,000 erase cycles and 10 year data retention. The external bus controller supports up to 25 address bits, can interface to 8 or 16 bit data bus widths by each of the 6 programmable chip selects and although normally big endian, can work in little endian style for one of the chip selects.
Each chip select can operate with up to 7 wait states and a minimum page size of 64kBytes. The associated DRAM controller supports 2 banks of Hyper page or Fast page mode memories. Any unused pins on the bus interface can be configured as port I/O. The 10 bit A/D convertor can convert in 5.6µs on a 50MHz device. The UARTs can support both asynchronous and synchronous transfers. The DMA controller supports sources from both on-chip peripheral and external bus locations. Other useful features are timers, PWMs and external interrupt controller.
6 Home Products Applications Contacts FR MB911xx Series 32 bit RISC Microcontrollers MB91101A MB91106 MB91F109 MB91110. MB91111. Clock Speed MHz 50 Int./25 Ext. 50 Int./25 Ext Int./25 Ext. 50 Int./25 Ext. Clock Multiplier x4 x4 x2 x4 x4 ROM / FLASH - 63kB Inst. ROM 254kB Inst./Data - 16kB Inst.
8 MB91100 Starterkit. STARTERKIT MB91100 To assist in evaluating the architecture, performance and features of its 32 bit RISC devices, Fujitsu has developed the Starterkit MB91100, a low cost multifunctional evaluation board for the Fujitsu microcontroller series MB91101, MB91106 and MB91F109. It can be used stand alone for software development and testing or as a simple target board to work with the emulator system. The board allows a designer immediately to start with the software development before their own final target system is available. 22 MB91360 Starterkit. STARTERKIT MB91360 The MB91360 Starterkit is a stand-alone application board that makes it easy to evaluate and demonstrate almost all features of the MB91360 microcontroller series. Along with the supplied Windows-based development tools, it can be used as a system for user program developments.
The board can be configured as a target for the MB91360 emulation system, or as a stand-alone evaluation board. All peripheral functions are available on external pin-headers in order to design and test user applications cost- and time-effectively. For some resource functions, additional hardware is already present on the board (e.g. CAN- and UART-transceivers, LEDs, Buttons, etc.).
Key Features Footprint QFP208 (0.5mm pitch) for MB91F362 (or emulation socket), surrounded by headers for other adaptors 4MHz or 32kHz crystal selectable DC power-supply circuit (incl. 27 MB2197 Fujitsu s Emulation System for 32 bit. FR SERIES IN-CIRCUIT EMULATOR The MB2197 is Fujitsu s emulation system for 32 bit RISC FR architecture microcontrollers.
It makes use of the DSU (Debug Support Unit) integrated within thefr evaluation devices, to provide a powerful debugging environment without compromising full system operating speed. The system comprises the MB emulation unit (including one MB DSU probe cable), which connects to the host PC via RS232 or integrated 10BASE2 LAN interface. The MB91VxxxCR FR evaluation device plugs into a pod or adaptor board and this, depending on the family, then plugs into either a suitable IC socket located on the target hardware, or connects to a header board and NQ-PACK on the target hardware. The optional MB ROM Overlay Unit provides 4MBytes of program download memory, if this is not available on the target hardware itself.
The MB91101 in a QFP package is supported by the FR-RAM-STACK1-100P-M06 which provides 1MByte of emulation RAM on the adaptor, around the MB91V101CR. Third Party Development Environments for the FR Series Cygnus GNU C/C/EC GNU ToolChain GDB debugger with Cygnus GUI Cygnus target monitor Instruction set simulator PC/Windows and Sun Solaris 2 platforms Green Hills C/C/EC Multi development Environment Debugger Monitor Simulator Forward 28 REALOS & OSEK/VDX & EMBOS REALOS Real-Time OS for the FR Series REALOS/FR is a real-time OS for the FR Series of microcontrollers which conforms to Version 3.0 of the µitron specification. 32 FR-V power consumption is as low as 0.05 milliwatts per MOPS. FR-V SERIES The FR-V is a new processor core platform designed for embedded System-on- Chip implementations. It provides designers with a varied set of configuration options that can be customised for specific applications. To meet the low power consumption requirements of emerging digital consumer, automotive and communications applications, the FR-V power consumption is as low as 0.05 milliwatts per MOPS. The FR-V supports an instruction-level parallelism that enables simultaneous processing of multiple instructions.
The FR-V architecture consists of 16 bit integer instruction set, 32 bit integer instruction set, media instruction set, digital signal instruction set, and floating point instruction set. This floating point instruction set is based on the IEEE 754 specification.
Due to the FR-V s high performance, functions traditionally performed in hardware can be executed by software. It allows flexible partitioning of hardware and software implementation, so the changes can be executed during or after the development cycle. If desired, functions can be modified simply by re-writing software that runs on FR-V. The FR-V technology will be available in different cores, each with a full range of custom options that can be defined according to application-specific requirements.
Fujitsu today offers the FR500 core, a 4-slot VLIW core, which is designed for media-rich processing applications, such as video de/compression. It provides 532 MIPS (million instructions per second) integer processing, 4256 MOPS (million operations per second) application processing, and 1064 MFLOPS (million floating point operations per second), and requires only a single watt of power consumption. 33 The FR400, a 2-slot VLIW core, is designed for embedded applications which require high performance, but no floating point execution such as nextgeneration automotive applications and compact multimedia applications. FR-V Instruction Sets 32 bit Integer Instruction I 16 bit Integer Instruction i Floating Point Instruction Media Instruction DSP Instruction F M D 2-Slot VLIW I 4-Slot VLIW I I FM FM It also provides 532 MIPS integer application processing and 2128 MOPS media performance with very low power consumption. The FR-V series continues Fujitsu s long company-wide experience with processor technologies for embedded consumer, automotive and communications applications. The company s SPARClite series has been widely used in digital cameras, printers and networking systems.
Its FR series has already been designed into automotive and communications products. M 34 GDC ASIC ROM/ FLASH ICE SDRAM Companion Chip 4b 15b 64b MB93501 Block Diagram. SDRAM Controller Clk, Rst, Pwer System Bus DMA High-Bandwidth System Interconnect Inst. Cache 16kB/4 way 1RW/1R Inst. Data Cache Cntl. Data Cache 16kB/4 way 1RW/1R MMU S-Unit GR 32bx64w 5R/4W Inst. FR 32bx64w 5R/4W FM-Unit Int-0 Int-1 Pipeline Cntl.
Float-0 Media-0 Float-1 Media-1 Fujitsu drew on this rich experience in embedded design software in the development of the new FR500 and FR400 processor cores. Development environments of the new processor cores are based on an advanced version of a vector compiler used in Fujitsu supercomputers. Instead of assembly languages, which are used for developing DSP and media-related applications, the FR-V development environment enables users to write applications with high-level languages, which significantly reduces design cycle times. FR500 Core: MB93501 TIGER: A CPU-type processor which is built around the FR500 core incorporating 6 execution units (2 Integer, Media and Floating units) and which can issue 4 I I F/M I-Unit F/M 35 GDC ASIC ROM/ FLASH ICE SDRAM 32b 4b 32b 15b 64b MB93401 Block Diagram Debug Sup. SDRAM Controller Clk, Rst, Pwer DMA SRAM/FLASH Peripheral I/O Bus UART x2 High-Bandwidth System Interconnect BR Bridge Inst.
Cache 8kB Inst. Data Cache Cntl. Data Cache 8kB MMU S-Unit Low-Bandwidth Peripheral Bus Timer x2 GR 32bx64w 5R/4W Inst. MR 32bx64w 5R/4W M-Unit Int-0 Media-0 Int-1 Pipeline Cntl. I/M I/M Media-1 instructions at one clock cycle.
The MB93501 works together with a companion chip which has further peripherals and an external bus-interface for user extensions. The MB93501 is clocked at 266MHz and is supported by 16kB Dataand Instruction-caches respectively as well as 133MHz SDRAM memory. FR400 Core: MB93401 ROBIN: A stand-alone CPU based on the FR400 core (2 Integer and Media execution units) with some on-chip peripherals (2 UARTs, 2 Timers, 4 external Interrupts and general purpose IO-pins). An external bus-interface allows direct connection to standard SRAM-interfaced devices (e.g.
Direct connection to Fujitsu s Graphic ). INT x2 GPIO x2 I-Unit. 36 FR-V Emulator The MB93401 is clocked at 266MHz (200MHz for automotive applications) and is supported by 8kB Data- and Instruction-caches respectively as well as 133MHz (100MHz) SDRAM memory.
The package is an BGA288. Fujitsu plans to continue refining its CMOS expertise with the development of sub-0.1µm process technology, achieving over 500MHz of frequency and less than 0.05mW/MOPS of power consumption.
Also, Fujitsu plans to intensify its application-specific functions by increasing the number of simultaneous operations and their combinations in VLIW and customising the on-chip peripherals for car-navigation platforms and multimedia applications. Tools and Support Fujitsu offers a comprehensive toolset from Software-Support (based on Softune Workbench), Libraries (e.g. MPEG en/decoding, Graphic Library for Fujitsu s GDC family, TCP/IP, etc.), a full-featured In-Circuit Emulation-System MB2199 and evaluation boards. Also a range of operating systems such as REALOS, elinux and others are available. Forward 37 In-car navigation is a key target application for the Cremson graphic display controller. INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC DISPLAY CONTROLLERS Fujitsu s new family of graphic display controllers will optimise solutions for embedded graphic applications, such as car navigation and mobile information terminals. The products in this family have numerous functions which are state-of-the-art to graphic controllers today, but have been specially optimised for the embedded systems area.
This means that, in addition to many 2D and 3D rendering functions, there is a flexible layer concept, support for screen resolution of up to XGA (1024x768), plus further features which are of particular interest in the area of navigation, such as alpha-blending and anti-aliasing. All derivatives have a CPU interface to enable the direct connection of embedded CPUs and MCUs. Fujitsu offers a range of graphic display controllers with different levels of integration for various applications. 38 The new GDC s support for 3D graphics makes possible features such as bird-view perspectives. MB86290A CREMSON MB86290A Cremson is a 2D/3D graphics controller, optimised for applications in car navigation systems and mobile information processing terminals. Adopting various sophisticated functions, such as flat or Gouraud shading, bilinear texture mapping, and Z-buffering, Cremson offers a high-speed, superior-performance 3D graphics functionality. Moreover, anti-aliasing, concaved polygon rendering and fast line draw features are also included, allowing smooth and sophisticated-quality rendering.
As a result, Cremson performs high-quality rendering operations, with similar quality to leading-edge PC graphics, but with lower power dissipation. Cremson supports a 64 bit wide external memory interface. This interface is driven at the same 100MHz frequency as its internal operation, to support the large-memory bus bandwidth that is needed to perform the high-performance graphics operations described above. Also, in order to support various kinds of system configurations, Cremson offers a configurable host interface for four types of CPUs (Fujitsu FR30, Hitachi SH3/4, and NEC V832) without external glue logic. To address the especially complex Window configurations of car navigation systems, Cremson offers 4 layers of overlay planes. These layers are (from top to bottom): C (console) layer, W (window) layer, M (middle) layer and B (base) layer. All layers can be rendered in 16 bit/pixel colour (65,536 colours displayed at a time) or rendered in 8 bit indirect colour mode (256 selected out of 262,144 colours).
The colour palette can be defined separately to the C layer and B and M layers. A transparent colour option is used to blend the layers directly. 39 Layer Concept For screen separation in wide-screen displays, the M and B layers can be split into two separate segments (left and right). This feature is useful when two different reduced map scales are displayed side by side. Of course, all these layers and segments can be scrolled independently.
Two hardware cursors are supported in addition. An alpha-flag per pixel is supported for the C-layer.
This feature is useful for blending the C layer colour with all the layer contents below, providing a variable transparent colour effect ( alpha-blending ). C (Console) layer 8, 16 bit/pixel Applied to show switches and panel displays W (Window) layer 16 bit/pixel (Y:U:V = 2:1:1).
Applied to overlay input video image M (Middle) layer 8, 16 bit/pixel Supplement for Base, can be divided into two zones B (Base) layer 8, 16 bit/pixel Fundamental map display layer, can be divided into two zones. To be supplied by 2nd generation product with embedded DRAM.
This layer can be adopted as a 3rd graphics layer as well. An important feature of Cremson and all subsequent members of the family is that graphical information can be displayed on four overlapping, independent layers. 40 Cremson consists of 4 block modules: host interface block, external memory interface block, display control block, and 2D/3D rendering block. An internal 64 bit bus called Pixel bus connects these modules.
Also, the host interface block is connected to each of the other 3 blocks independently to avoid display and/or rendering operations when the host CPU attempts to access these modules. External Bus of FR CPU 64Mbit SDRAM or 16Mbit SGRAM D0:31 A2:25 MD0:63 MA0:13 MB86290A Cremson block diagram. 42 Scarlet offers some of the most advanced functionality yet developed for use in automotive navigation and multimedia information terminals. MB86291 SCARLET MB86291A Scarlet is an enhanced version of MB86290A Cremson which adds 16Mbit embedded SDRAM, video input functions and a geometry processor.
The concept of display layers, 2D/3D rendering functions and the display controller features are taken from Cremson MB86290A. Scarlet is optimised for applications in car navigation systems, which require video-input features, consumer information processing systems and arcade game applications. Scarlet has 16Mbit of embedded SDRAM with high bandwidth (100MHz). No external SDRAM devices are required for graphic memory. The external video input can be used to capture video signals according to the standard RBT-ITU656 YUV4:2:2 format. Picture-in-picture functions are supported to display the video image (the W-layer is dedicated for that purpose).
To adjust the dimensions of the video-input format, a flexible video scaler is integrated. A geometry processor, capable of performing numeric calculations for graphical operations in included. Supported functions are Affin-conversions, model-view-projections, 3D-clipping operations and others. All drawing functions, display list-formats and software functions are compatible to the Cremson MB86290A. An additional RGB digital interface offers flexible display connections. 44 Orchid is optimised for applications in car navigation systems. MB86292 ORCHID MB86292 Orchid is another version of MB86291 Scarlet which has external video memory connection up to 32MB for those applications, where the 2MB embedded SDRAM of MB86291 Scarlet is not sufficient.
All functions of Scarlet including video input, scaler and a geometry processor are also available on Orchid. The concept of display layers, 2D/3D rendering functions and the display controller features are taken from Cremson and Scarlet. Orchid is optimised for applications in car navigation systems which requires video input features, consumer information processing systems and arcade game applications. The external memory interface can be connected to Fujitsu FCRAM or SDRAM type memory devices. The external video input can be used to capture video signals according to the standard RBT-ITU656 YUV4:2:2 format.
Picture-in-picture functions are supported to display the video image (the W-layer is dedicated for that purpose). To adjust the dimensions of the video input format, a flexible video scaler is integrated. A geometry processor, capable of performing numeric calculations for graphical operations in included. Supported functions are Affin-conversions, model-view-projections, 3D-clipping operations and others. Orchid has only RGB digital outputs for display connections.
46 MB87J2120 LAVENDER MB87J2120 Lavender is another new member of the Fujitsu graphic controller family but with a different set of features dedicated for graphical applications that require no 3D-rendering functions and use low-resolution displays such as dashboards, user interfaces in consumer applications or control panels. The MB87J2120 supports almost all LCD panel types (digital or analogue interface), and CRTs or otherprogressive scanned monitors/displays, which can be connected via the analogue RGB output. MB87J2120 Lavender is optimised to work with the Fujitsu MB91360 series RISC-controllers (e.g. MB91F361A) and will be clocked at 64MHz (internal frequency). The device has a 32 bit SDRAM interface (graphic memory).
The 2D rendering functions are composed out of standard primitives such as lines, polygons, rectangles, etc., as well as some special functions like decompression of RLE-bitmaps and text display. 4 layers of overlay can be displayed simultaneously. The graphic output is an RGB analogue or digital interface for a great variety of LCD displays (programmable sync and scan behaviour). MB87J2120 also has a digital video input being an RGB 555/888 interface. 50 MB86290A-EB01 Cremson Evaluation Board.
A Starterkit will be available for the GDCs, enabling designers to build up specific embedded applications with the targeted processor and GDC together. EVALUATION BOARDS For application development support and functional evaluation, a number of evaluation boards are available from Fujitsu: PCI Evaluation Board MB8629x-EB01 A PCI adaptor card with a Cremson MB86290A, a Scarlet MB86291A or an Orchid MB86292 is available which allows the evaluation of the features of the device directly from a Windows PC. For this, a Windows NT/Windows 2000 driver and a map driver are bundled with this adaptor card in order to get started, enabling easy programming of the Cremson from a Windows NT based development environment. Also, the source code of various application examples is included.
In addition, the card can be directly mounted to an embedded system, however the main purpose is software development. Cremson Starterkit Series The Cremson Starterkit is a modular evaluation board, which provides a standalone embedded environment. The kit hardware consists of two parts, a CPU module, which carries the Fujitsu 32 bit RISC MCU MB91F36X and a set of sub-boards for the graphic controllers Cremson, Scarlet, Lavender and Jasmine. In order to have the appropriate configuration for the application requirements, the system allows the CPU type or the graphic controller to be easily changed. 51 The interconnection between both module boards is the host-cpu bus interface. All functions of the graphic devices and the CPU are present on pin headers, jumpers or switches, which allows the addition of hardware extensions.
In combination with the PCI adapter MB8629X-EB01, the software modules developed under Windows NT can then also be used directly in the standalone environment. Forward 52 Cremson 100 MHz 2D/3D Roadmap of graphic controller development. PRODUCT ROAD MAP Scarlet + SDRAM + video input + geometry engine Lavender 64 MHz 2D Vermillion 133 MHz 2D MPEG external SDRAM GDC Multimedia and Digital AV + FCRAM GDC Navigation and Mobile Orchid 200 MHz 6 layers GDC Dashboard and Consumer Jasmine + SDRAM + gamma cor. Burgundy Coral Rose MCM tbd + CPU Maroon + CPU Carmine AV Under development New enhanced graphics display controllers for various kinds of digital audio/video applications, in which multimedia functions will be integrated together are planned as successive products. In addition we plan to integrate the CPU core and various I/O functions and define a single-chip solution for car navigation applications. As Fujitsu s primary GDC products, the car navigation family will be extended further.
SOFTUNE Workbench has a built-in include dependencies analysis function. By using this function, uses can know the exact dependencies, even if an include file includes another include file. SOFTUNE Workbench automatically updates the dependencies of the compiled/assembled files. Delivering excellent usability. Editor provided as standard. SOFTUNE Workbench is support software for developing programs for the FR family of Fujitsu microcontrollers. It is a combination of a development manager, simulator debugger, emulator debugger, monitor debugger, and an integrated development environment for efficient development.
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1 EMBEDDED SOLUTIONS 32 BIT RISC MICROCONTROLLERS & GRAPHIC CONTROLLERS Forward 2 INTRODUCTION TO FR SERIES - 32 BIT RISC ARCHITECTURE The Fujitsu RISC (FR) architecture is a new generation 32 bit microprocessor core which is dedicated to resolving the twin demands of high performance coupled with low cost, which are needed by today s high-end automotive, consumer and telecoms applications. Designed from the outset to be optimised for embedded applications, the CPU has a 16 bit instruction Op Code, enabling maximum performance from low cost, half word external memory and instruction cache widths, or else allowing double instruction fetches for each bus cycle. The CPU employs the same five-stage pipeline and 32 x 32 Multiplier as the successful SPARClite family but adds a new barrel shifter and a bit search unit which finds the first 1, 0 or change in a data word in a single cycle. The concept of the instruction cache architecture with its flexible locking mechanism is also replicated. The CPU has eight dedicated 32 bit registers: program counter, processor status, interrupt table base register, return pointer, supervisor and user stack pointers and two for multiply/divide result. There are sixteen 32 bit, generalpurpose registers arranged as a single bank. The functions of R13 to R15 are reserved as virtual accumulator, frame pointer and stack pointer respectively.
The instruction set contains many bit manipulation instructions and data moving instructions, which are very helpful in supporting the on-chip peripheral blocks. Although the FR is a RISC, it contains a number of extended instructions, which help assembly level programming, often unavoidable in embedded applications. An example is the store of half of the register bank to memory.
3 Blocks that require fast access are connected to the FR-core within a 32 bit Harvard Bus system. These units are the instruction cache, internal RAM, the DMA-controller and the bit-search unit. Resources that require simple control or status access, such as UARTs, Timers, etc., are hooked up on a 16 bit peripheral bus known as the R-Bus. The R-Bus gateway to the FR-core is a Bus-convertor module like the one for the external Bus interface.
32 bits Data Bus Multiplier MDH MDL.1 ALU CPU Core Diagram Shifter.2 PC PS TBR RP SSP USP Dedicated registers R0 R1. R15 Generalpurpose registers KEY.1: 32 bit x 32 bit: 5 clock cycles.2: 16 bit x 16 bit: 3 clock cycles PC: Program counter PS: Program status TBR: Table base register RP: Return pointer SSP: System stack pointer USP: User stack pointer MDH/MDL: Multiplication and division result register 4 This general-purpose bus, also called the User Logic Bus is used for accessing the on-chip Flash ROM as well as the CAN-Interfaces, which typically require a faster and more extensive data flow to and from the FR-core than most of the other on-chip resources. The external Bus also gives the user the opportunity to access external memory or other memory-mapped devices on the target application, supporting seven fully configurable chip-select areas with external chip-select pins which can be controlled individually in terms of memory-area, bus-width, wait-states or alignment. Forward 5 MB911XX SERIES The MB911xx Series of feature-rich embedded controllers is based on the FR 32 bit RISC CPU core. The MB91101, MB91106, MB91F109, MB91110. and MB91111. devices offer for the most part the same peripherals but with complementary memory options.
Several devices have their performance enhanced by the inclusion of 1kB of 2 way set associative instruction cache, with locking function. The Flash memory on the MB91F109 is sectored, single voltage programming, and guarantees 10,000 erase cycles and 10 year data retention. The external bus controller supports up to 25 address bits, can interface to 8 or 16 bit data bus widths by each of the 6 programmable chip selects and although normally big endian, can work in little endian style for one of the chip selects.
Each chip select can operate with up to 7 wait states and a minimum page size of 64kBytes. The associated DRAM controller supports 2 banks of Hyper page or Fast page mode memories. Any unused pins on the bus interface can be configured as port I/O. The 10 bit A/D convertor can convert in 5.6µs on a 50MHz device. The UARTs can support both asynchronous and synchronous transfers. The DMA controller supports sources from both on-chip peripheral and external bus locations. Other useful features are timers, PWMs and external interrupt controller.
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6 Home Products Applications Contacts FR MB911xx Series 32 bit RISC Microcontrollers MB91101A MB91106 MB91F109 MB91110. MB91111. Clock Speed MHz 50 Int./25 Ext. 50 Int./25 Ext Int./25 Ext. 50 Int./25 Ext. Clock Multiplier x4 x4 x2 x4 x4 ROM / FLASH - 63kB Inst. ROM 254kB Inst./Data - 16kB Inst.
8 MB91100 Starterkit. STARTERKIT MB91100 To assist in evaluating the architecture, performance and features of its 32 bit RISC devices, Fujitsu has developed the Starterkit MB91100, a low cost multifunctional evaluation board for the Fujitsu microcontroller series MB91101, MB91106 and MB91F109. It can be used stand alone for software development and testing or as a simple target board to work with the emulator system. The board allows a designer immediately to start with the software development before their own final target system is available. 22 MB91360 Starterkit. STARTERKIT MB91360 The MB91360 Starterkit is a stand-alone application board that makes it easy to evaluate and demonstrate almost all features of the MB91360 microcontroller series. Along with the supplied Windows-based development tools, it can be used as a system for user program developments.
The board can be configured as a target for the MB91360 emulation system, or as a stand-alone evaluation board. All peripheral functions are available on external pin-headers in order to design and test user applications cost- and time-effectively. For some resource functions, additional hardware is already present on the board (e.g. CAN- and UART-transceivers, LEDs, Buttons, etc.).
Key Features Footprint QFP208 (0.5mm pitch) for MB91F362 (or emulation socket), surrounded by headers for other adaptors 4MHz or 32kHz crystal selectable DC power-supply circuit (incl. 27 MB2197 Fujitsu s Emulation System for 32 bit. FR SERIES IN-CIRCUIT EMULATOR The MB2197 is Fujitsu s emulation system for 32 bit RISC FR architecture microcontrollers.
It makes use of the DSU (Debug Support Unit) integrated within thefr evaluation devices, to provide a powerful debugging environment without compromising full system operating speed. The system comprises the MB emulation unit (including one MB DSU probe cable), which connects to the host PC via RS232 or integrated 10BASE2 LAN interface. The MB91VxxxCR FR evaluation device plugs into a pod or adaptor board and this, depending on the family, then plugs into either a suitable IC socket located on the target hardware, or connects to a header board and NQ-PACK on the target hardware. The optional MB ROM Overlay Unit provides 4MBytes of program download memory, if this is not available on the target hardware itself.
The MB91101 in a QFP package is supported by the FR-RAM-STACK1-100P-M06 which provides 1MByte of emulation RAM on the adaptor, around the MB91V101CR. Third Party Development Environments for the FR Series Cygnus GNU C/C/EC GNU ToolChain GDB debugger with Cygnus GUI Cygnus target monitor Instruction set simulator PC/Windows and Sun Solaris 2 platforms Green Hills C/C/EC Multi development Environment Debugger Monitor Simulator Forward 28 REALOS & OSEK/VDX & EMBOS REALOS Real-Time OS for the FR Series REALOS/FR is a real-time OS for the FR Series of microcontrollers which conforms to Version 3.0 of the µitron specification. 32 FR-V power consumption is as low as 0.05 milliwatts per MOPS. FR-V SERIES The FR-V is a new processor core platform designed for embedded System-on- Chip implementations. It provides designers with a varied set of configuration options that can be customised for specific applications. To meet the low power consumption requirements of emerging digital consumer, automotive and communications applications, the FR-V power consumption is as low as 0.05 milliwatts per MOPS. The FR-V supports an instruction-level parallelism that enables simultaneous processing of multiple instructions.
The FR-V architecture consists of 16 bit integer instruction set, 32 bit integer instruction set, media instruction set, digital signal instruction set, and floating point instruction set. This floating point instruction set is based on the IEEE 754 specification.
Due to the FR-V s high performance, functions traditionally performed in hardware can be executed by software. It allows flexible partitioning of hardware and software implementation, so the changes can be executed during or after the development cycle. If desired, functions can be modified simply by re-writing software that runs on FR-V. The FR-V technology will be available in different cores, each with a full range of custom options that can be defined according to application-specific requirements.
Fujitsu today offers the FR500 core, a 4-slot VLIW core, which is designed for media-rich processing applications, such as video de/compression. It provides 532 MIPS (million instructions per second) integer processing, 4256 MOPS (million operations per second) application processing, and 1064 MFLOPS (million floating point operations per second), and requires only a single watt of power consumption. 33 The FR400, a 2-slot VLIW core, is designed for embedded applications which require high performance, but no floating point execution such as nextgeneration automotive applications and compact multimedia applications. FR-V Instruction Sets 32 bit Integer Instruction I 16 bit Integer Instruction i Floating Point Instruction Media Instruction DSP Instruction F M D 2-Slot VLIW I 4-Slot VLIW I I FM FM It also provides 532 MIPS integer application processing and 2128 MOPS media performance with very low power consumption. The FR-V series continues Fujitsu s long company-wide experience with processor technologies for embedded consumer, automotive and communications applications. The company s SPARClite series has been widely used in digital cameras, printers and networking systems.
Its FR series has already been designed into automotive and communications products. M 34 GDC ASIC ROM/ FLASH ICE SDRAM Companion Chip 4b 15b 64b MB93501 Block Diagram. SDRAM Controller Clk, Rst, Pwer System Bus DMA High-Bandwidth System Interconnect Inst. Cache 16kB/4 way 1RW/1R Inst. Data Cache Cntl. Data Cache 16kB/4 way 1RW/1R MMU S-Unit GR 32bx64w 5R/4W Inst. FR 32bx64w 5R/4W FM-Unit Int-0 Int-1 Pipeline Cntl.
Float-0 Media-0 Float-1 Media-1 Fujitsu drew on this rich experience in embedded design software in the development of the new FR500 and FR400 processor cores. Development environments of the new processor cores are based on an advanced version of a vector compiler used in Fujitsu supercomputers. Instead of assembly languages, which are used for developing DSP and media-related applications, the FR-V development environment enables users to write applications with high-level languages, which significantly reduces design cycle times. FR500 Core: MB93501 TIGER: A CPU-type processor which is built around the FR500 core incorporating 6 execution units (2 Integer, Media and Floating units) and which can issue 4 I I F/M I-Unit F/M 35 GDC ASIC ROM/ FLASH ICE SDRAM 32b 4b 32b 15b 64b MB93401 Block Diagram Debug Sup. SDRAM Controller Clk, Rst, Pwer DMA SRAM/FLASH Peripheral I/O Bus UART x2 High-Bandwidth System Interconnect BR Bridge Inst.
Cache 8kB Inst. Data Cache Cntl. Data Cache 8kB MMU S-Unit Low-Bandwidth Peripheral Bus Timer x2 GR 32bx64w 5R/4W Inst. MR 32bx64w 5R/4W M-Unit Int-0 Media-0 Int-1 Pipeline Cntl. I/M I/M Media-1 instructions at one clock cycle.
The MB93501 works together with a companion chip which has further peripherals and an external bus-interface for user extensions. The MB93501 is clocked at 266MHz and is supported by 16kB Dataand Instruction-caches respectively as well as 133MHz SDRAM memory. FR400 Core: MB93401 ROBIN: A stand-alone CPU based on the FR400 core (2 Integer and Media execution units) with some on-chip peripherals (2 UARTs, 2 Timers, 4 external Interrupts and general purpose IO-pins). An external bus-interface allows direct connection to standard SRAM-interfaced devices (e.g.
Direct connection to Fujitsu s Graphic ). INT x2 GPIO x2 I-Unit. 36 FR-V Emulator The MB93401 is clocked at 266MHz (200MHz for automotive applications) and is supported by 8kB Data- and Instruction-caches respectively as well as 133MHz (100MHz) SDRAM memory.
The package is an BGA288. Fujitsu plans to continue refining its CMOS expertise with the development of sub-0.1µm process technology, achieving over 500MHz of frequency and less than 0.05mW/MOPS of power consumption.
Also, Fujitsu plans to intensify its application-specific functions by increasing the number of simultaneous operations and their combinations in VLIW and customising the on-chip peripherals for car-navigation platforms and multimedia applications. Tools and Support Fujitsu offers a comprehensive toolset from Software-Support (based on Softune Workbench), Libraries (e.g. MPEG en/decoding, Graphic Library for Fujitsu s GDC family, TCP/IP, etc.), a full-featured In-Circuit Emulation-System MB2199 and evaluation boards. Also a range of operating systems such as REALOS, elinux and others are available. Forward 37 In-car navigation is a key target application for the Cremson graphic display controller. INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC DISPLAY CONTROLLERS Fujitsu s new family of graphic display controllers will optimise solutions for embedded graphic applications, such as car navigation and mobile information terminals. The products in this family have numerous functions which are state-of-the-art to graphic controllers today, but have been specially optimised for the embedded systems area.
This means that, in addition to many 2D and 3D rendering functions, there is a flexible layer concept, support for screen resolution of up to XGA (1024x768), plus further features which are of particular interest in the area of navigation, such as alpha-blending and anti-aliasing. All derivatives have a CPU interface to enable the direct connection of embedded CPUs and MCUs. Fujitsu offers a range of graphic display controllers with different levels of integration for various applications. 38 The new GDC s support for 3D graphics makes possible features such as bird-view perspectives. MB86290A CREMSON MB86290A Cremson is a 2D/3D graphics controller, optimised for applications in car navigation systems and mobile information processing terminals. Adopting various sophisticated functions, such as flat or Gouraud shading, bilinear texture mapping, and Z-buffering, Cremson offers a high-speed, superior-performance 3D graphics functionality. Moreover, anti-aliasing, concaved polygon rendering and fast line draw features are also included, allowing smooth and sophisticated-quality rendering.
As a result, Cremson performs high-quality rendering operations, with similar quality to leading-edge PC graphics, but with lower power dissipation. Cremson supports a 64 bit wide external memory interface. This interface is driven at the same 100MHz frequency as its internal operation, to support the large-memory bus bandwidth that is needed to perform the high-performance graphics operations described above. Also, in order to support various kinds of system configurations, Cremson offers a configurable host interface for four types of CPUs (Fujitsu FR30, Hitachi SH3/4, and NEC V832) without external glue logic. To address the especially complex Window configurations of car navigation systems, Cremson offers 4 layers of overlay planes. These layers are (from top to bottom): C (console) layer, W (window) layer, M (middle) layer and B (base) layer. All layers can be rendered in 16 bit/pixel colour (65,536 colours displayed at a time) or rendered in 8 bit indirect colour mode (256 selected out of 262,144 colours).
The colour palette can be defined separately to the C layer and B and M layers. A transparent colour option is used to blend the layers directly. 39 Layer Concept For screen separation in wide-screen displays, the M and B layers can be split into two separate segments (left and right). This feature is useful when two different reduced map scales are displayed side by side. Of course, all these layers and segments can be scrolled independently.
Two hardware cursors are supported in addition. An alpha-flag per pixel is supported for the C-layer.
This feature is useful for blending the C layer colour with all the layer contents below, providing a variable transparent colour effect ( alpha-blending ). C (Console) layer 8, 16 bit/pixel Applied to show switches and panel displays W (Window) layer 16 bit/pixel (Y:U:V = 2:1:1).
Applied to overlay input video image M (Middle) layer 8, 16 bit/pixel Supplement for Base, can be divided into two zones B (Base) layer 8, 16 bit/pixel Fundamental map display layer, can be divided into two zones. To be supplied by 2nd generation product with embedded DRAM.
This layer can be adopted as a 3rd graphics layer as well. An important feature of Cremson and all subsequent members of the family is that graphical information can be displayed on four overlapping, independent layers. 40 Cremson consists of 4 block modules: host interface block, external memory interface block, display control block, and 2D/3D rendering block. An internal 64 bit bus called Pixel bus connects these modules.
Also, the host interface block is connected to each of the other 3 blocks independently to avoid display and/or rendering operations when the host CPU attempts to access these modules. External Bus of FR CPU 64Mbit SDRAM or 16Mbit SGRAM D0:31 A2:25 MD0:63 MA0:13 MB86290A Cremson block diagram. 42 Scarlet offers some of the most advanced functionality yet developed for use in automotive navigation and multimedia information terminals. MB86291 SCARLET MB86291A Scarlet is an enhanced version of MB86290A Cremson which adds 16Mbit embedded SDRAM, video input functions and a geometry processor.
The concept of display layers, 2D/3D rendering functions and the display controller features are taken from Cremson MB86290A. Scarlet is optimised for applications in car navigation systems, which require video-input features, consumer information processing systems and arcade game applications. Scarlet has 16Mbit of embedded SDRAM with high bandwidth (100MHz). No external SDRAM devices are required for graphic memory. The external video input can be used to capture video signals according to the standard RBT-ITU656 YUV4:2:2 format. Picture-in-picture functions are supported to display the video image (the W-layer is dedicated for that purpose).
All Tier 3 Blueprints Rust
To adjust the dimensions of the video-input format, a flexible video scaler is integrated. A geometry processor, capable of performing numeric calculations for graphical operations in included. Supported functions are Affin-conversions, model-view-projections, 3D-clipping operations and others. All drawing functions, display list-formats and software functions are compatible to the Cremson MB86290A. An additional RGB digital interface offers flexible display connections. 44 Orchid is optimised for applications in car navigation systems. MB86292 ORCHID MB86292 Orchid is another version of MB86291 Scarlet which has external video memory connection up to 32MB for those applications, where the 2MB embedded SDRAM of MB86291 Scarlet is not sufficient.
All functions of Scarlet including video input, scaler and a geometry processor are also available on Orchid. The concept of display layers, 2D/3D rendering functions and the display controller features are taken from Cremson and Scarlet. Orchid is optimised for applications in car navigation systems which requires video input features, consumer information processing systems and arcade game applications. The external memory interface can be connected to Fujitsu FCRAM or SDRAM type memory devices. The external video input can be used to capture video signals according to the standard RBT-ITU656 YUV4:2:2 format.
Picture-in-picture functions are supported to display the video image (the W-layer is dedicated for that purpose). To adjust the dimensions of the video input format, a flexible video scaler is integrated. A geometry processor, capable of performing numeric calculations for graphical operations in included. Supported functions are Affin-conversions, model-view-projections, 3D-clipping operations and others. Orchid has only RGB digital outputs for display connections.
46 MB87J2120 LAVENDER MB87J2120 Lavender is another new member of the Fujitsu graphic controller family but with a different set of features dedicated for graphical applications that require no 3D-rendering functions and use low-resolution displays such as dashboards, user interfaces in consumer applications or control panels. The MB87J2120 supports almost all LCD panel types (digital or analogue interface), and CRTs or otherprogressive scanned monitors/displays, which can be connected via the analogue RGB output. MB87J2120 Lavender is optimised to work with the Fujitsu MB91360 series RISC-controllers (e.g. MB91F361A) and will be clocked at 64MHz (internal frequency). The device has a 32 bit SDRAM interface (graphic memory).
The 2D rendering functions are composed out of standard primitives such as lines, polygons, rectangles, etc., as well as some special functions like decompression of RLE-bitmaps and text display. 4 layers of overlay can be displayed simultaneously. The graphic output is an RGB analogue or digital interface for a great variety of LCD displays (programmable sync and scan behaviour). MB87J2120 also has a digital video input being an RGB 555/888 interface. 50 MB86290A-EB01 Cremson Evaluation Board.
Tier 3 Workbench
A Starterkit will be available for the GDCs, enabling designers to build up specific embedded applications with the targeted processor and GDC together. EVALUATION BOARDS For application development support and functional evaluation, a number of evaluation boards are available from Fujitsu: PCI Evaluation Board MB8629x-EB01 A PCI adaptor card with a Cremson MB86290A, a Scarlet MB86291A or an Orchid MB86292 is available which allows the evaluation of the features of the device directly from a Windows PC. For this, a Windows NT/Windows 2000 driver and a map driver are bundled with this adaptor card in order to get started, enabling easy programming of the Cremson from a Windows NT based development environment. Also, the source code of various application examples is included.
In addition, the card can be directly mounted to an embedded system, however the main purpose is software development. Cremson Starterkit Series The Cremson Starterkit is a modular evaluation board, which provides a standalone embedded environment. The kit hardware consists of two parts, a CPU module, which carries the Fujitsu 32 bit RISC MCU MB91F36X and a set of sub-boards for the graphic controllers Cremson, Scarlet, Lavender and Jasmine. In order to have the appropriate configuration for the application requirements, the system allows the CPU type or the graphic controller to be easily changed. 51 The interconnection between both module boards is the host-cpu bus interface. All functions of the graphic devices and the CPU are present on pin headers, jumpers or switches, which allows the addition of hardware extensions.
In combination with the PCI adapter MB8629X-EB01, the software modules developed under Windows NT can then also be used directly in the standalone environment. Forward 52 Cremson 100 MHz 2D/3D Roadmap of graphic controller development. PRODUCT ROAD MAP Scarlet + SDRAM + video input + geometry engine Lavender 64 MHz 2D Vermillion 133 MHz 2D MPEG external SDRAM GDC Multimedia and Digital AV + FCRAM GDC Navigation and Mobile Orchid 200 MHz 6 layers GDC Dashboard and Consumer Jasmine + SDRAM + gamma cor. Burgundy Coral Rose MCM tbd + CPU Maroon + CPU Carmine AV Under development New enhanced graphics display controllers for various kinds of digital audio/video applications, in which multimedia functions will be integrated together are planned as successive products. In addition we plan to integrate the CPU core and various I/O functions and define a single-chip solution for car navigation applications. As Fujitsu s primary GDC products, the car navigation family will be extended further.